Essay on Traits of a Successful Speech Pathologist

Today’s speech pathologists are faced with many challenges. However, the field of speech therapy is unique in that when the speech pathologist overcomes a challenges is more often that not a significant triumph in the patients life. It is of massive importance for speech therapist have the following traits good interpersonal skills, the ability to take another’s perspective and problem solving skills. Good interpersonal skills are vital for communication. Interpersonal skills not only include good spoken communication, but also non-verbal communication. Speech therapist are often one of the few people in the patient’s environment who serve as good role models for communication. Success in the field of speech therapy is rooted in†¦show more content†¦Based on the outcome assessments the speech therapist may find alternatives to increase treatment outcomes. Many will fall under the category of good speech therapist. However, the few that are categorized as great not only use knowledge and practice, they go a step further and treat the whole person. A whole person approach includes knowledge, practice, interpersonal skills, perspective and problem solving. During the 2011-2012 school year I began working in a new school in South Los Angeles. The neighborhood was rough riddled with gang violence and turf wars. To compound the stress of being in a new environment the speech therapist, Judeen, assigned as my supervisor was also new to the school site and had never worked at a school before. We were both overwhelmed with the amount of â€Å"catch up† work assigned to us. Services had not been provided for the 4 months prior to our arrival. After a week trial run of the student pull out schedule we had out first meeting. Prior to the meeting I had made some changes to the schedule to facilitate an easier transition for some of the students and to include a morning break. I presented the revised schedule and explained why I had made changes. Judeen did not agree with the schedule changes. She told me â€Å"teachers do not have morning breaks, if they have to go to the restroom they hold it until lunch time.† Furthermore,Show MoreRelatedHealth Disparities And Communication Disorders3081 Words   |  13 Pagesdepending on the individual. Recently, health disparities have begun to implicate the field of Communication Sciences and Disorders. Speech pathologists have developed a larger caseload stroke victims as well as children with learning disabilities as a result of increased illness and disease. In order to accommodate victims of health disparities, speech pathologists must take steps to gain access knowledge on treatment for this field. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention definesRead MoreThe Deaf Community and Its Culture1545 Words   |  7 Pages Gallaudet had been mentioned several times within not only my workbook, but also by my professor. I could have given you a short synopsis of the oral movement that threatened to wipe ASL out as a language. Though I knew these facts, and a few traits about Deaf culture that I had experienced firsthand, there was so much that I had not considered before the readings and journals for this course opened my eyes. The Deaf community is a group that is made up of many different people, who all haveRead MoreOccupational Therapy : What Puts It Above The Rest1542 Words   |  7 Pagesregain majority to full use in the area that was damaged. There are many different situations in which this type of therapy could be required, it is just dependent on the diagnosis and extent of injury. Along with this branch of therapy, Physical and Speech therapy are also prominent in the rehabilitation of a patient. Physical Therapy is a widely known and effective way in which people of all ages can use strength exercises and other range of motion moves to regain strength in an area that was damagedRead MorePervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesthe age of three. However, high-functioning Autism and Asperger’s are often times not discovered until a child enters school. High-functioning Autism and Asperger’s are frequently compared, considering children with these disorders express the same traits and characteristics. Conversely, the main difference between the two disorders is pragmatics, or language skills. A child with Asperger’s Syndrome is capable of communicating, but due to their social and developmental impairments, they cannot appropriatelyRead MoreReflection On Myself As A Teacher1324 Words   |  6 PagesShe took in as much information as possible as she watched her mother, a Speech Pathologist, feed a child through a feeding tube, and her father, a Special Education Teacher, create a comfortable environment in his classroom. As one might guess, this girl was me, and my parents are my inspiration to become a teacher. While I lack the ability to speak another language, my patience and hard work will allow me to be successful in my future endeavors as an aspiring educator. Furthermore, my experiencesRead MoreEffective Leadership Project : A New York Times Bestselling Author3128 Words   |  13 Pagesattainment of goals for the company, division, branch, or any other grouping. I have taken the time to sit down with two individuals whom I believe epitomize the definition of effect leaders. Fir st I spok e with Danielle P., a Senior Speech L anguage Pathologist at a large urban hospital in Florida . Danielle worked her way up the clinical ladder by demonstrating many of the qualities required of an effective leader. She has held this position for over a deca de and continues to inspire thoseRead MoreMr Partha Bagchi Stammering Cure Centre Bangalore4281 Words   |  18 Pagesbe completely cured, I am really happy for those people who have been able to cure themselves after attending his course, it is actually a manifestation that they have accepted their problem, changed their speaking style and controlled the flow of speech. However, I would like to raise some serious questions regarding his claim to cure stammering in two weeks and also the techniques that he uses in his claim for fluency. I attended his center sometimes back and although I practiced daily for few monthsRead MoreAutism Between Autism And Autism2229 Words   |  9 Pagesthe outcome will be (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2005). Although the range of symptoms and severity for children with autism is broad, there are three consistent components: difficulty with interpersonal relationships, speech and communication problems, and repetitive behavior (Woliver, 2008). Impaired interpersonal skills and social interaction results from the difficulty children with autism can have making eye contact and facial expressions, as well as an impaired abilityRead MoreA Knowledge Of Maternal Substance Abuse And The Disordered Language Characteristics2173 Words   |  9 Pagesor social work services, home-based, and center-based, respectively. There is no definitive existence of a specific syndrome associated with PCE. Therefore, selecting the particular areas which need the most support is challenging for Speech and Language Pathologists (SLP), and interventionists. MT is fused within LRIP due to beliefs that it can prevent latent developmental problems that can arise in the child’s future, by altering mother-child communication patterns. Its intensive nature, with therapyRead MoreResponse Intervention ( Rti )3288 Words   |  14 Pages(Sansosti, Goss, Noltemeyer, 2011, p. 14). That very transformation may be the single biggest challenge faced by education leaders when implementing RtI. Bineham, Shelby, Pazey, Yates (2014) cite that â€Å"while change may be the most predictable trait of public education, it is also one of the aspects of administration that presents the greatest challenge to leaders† (p. 245-246). Involving stakeholders in the various stages of implementation of RtI will serve to increase the sense of ownership

Legal Cases That Have Influenced Or Impacted The...

Jessica Rothman SPS 6805 Fall 2014 Final Exam Part 2 Questions 2 4 2. Discuss 7 legal cases that have influenced or impacted the profession of school psychology. 1. Brown V. Board of Education The Brown verse the Board of Education was a very significant legal case that influenced education dramatically. It was one of the greatest Supreme Court decisions of the twentieth century. It concluded that the racial segregation of children in public schools was violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1954, a large number of schools in the United States were racially segregated. There were schools for white children and separate schools for black children. Racially segregated schools were made legal in 1896. The Plessy verse Ferguson case held that segregated public schools were constitutional as long as the black and white schools were of equal quality. However, the schools did not end up being equal. Linda Brown was a black student who had to attend a school for only black children, because during the 1950’s in Topeka, Kansas, schools were segregated by race. Linda Brown and her sister were forced to walk through a dangerous railroad switchyar d to get to their bus stop, where they would be taken to their all-black elementary school. The Brown’s lived closer to another school, but it was only for white-students, so Linda was unable to attend the school closer to her house. Linda’s family felt that the segregation of the school system was violatingShow MoreRelatedZimbardo s Theory Of Social Psychology1952 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout history there have been hundreds upon hundreds of influential figures, although not all of them have devoted their career to understanding the human mind. Of the few who have devoted their time to this hugely important task, Dr. Philip G. Zimbardo’s theories and experiments have made him stand out, and differentiate himself from the rest in his profession. Zimbardo s area of expertise in the field of psychology is social psychology, the branch that deals with social interactions, includingRead MoreSociology and Other Sciences7090 Words   |  29 PagesSOCIOLOGY AND OT HER SCIENCES Sociology deals with society [people];how people interact, their culture, norms, values just like other social sciences like psychology, economics, psychology which also deal with people and how they behave, their mental processes. There is also a relationship between sociology and economics which is another social science. economics deals with the production of goods and services and how they are distributed to people just like sociology which also consider how theRead MoreSafeguarding and protection of vulnerable adults (P1) Essay8208 Words   |  33 Pagesadults/children and adult/child protection. Safeguarding is everybody’s responsibility, and includes measures to prevent or minimise the potential for abuse occurring. Protection is considered a statutory responsibility in response to individual cases where risk of harm has been identified POVA or Protection of Vulnerable Adults was changed and implemented to SOVA or Safeguarding of Vulnerable Adults in 2007. This meant that the SOVA register was to replace the POVA and other individuals who areRead MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 Pagesteenage pregnancy despite the intervention strategies that have been put in place. In 1990 approximately 530,000 teenagers in the United States became pregnant, 51% of whom gave birth (Coley Chase-Lansdale, 1998). Available literature suggests that fertility rates in developing countries have declined in the past two decades (Dickson, 2002; Caldwell Caldwell, 2002). It is argued that due to changing socio-political circumstances, women have reassessed the timing of childbirth and the role of motherhoodRead MoreCareer Choice Factors of High School Students18925 Words   |  76 PagesChoice Factors 1 CAREER CHOICE FACTORS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS By Michael Borchert A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in Career and Technical Education Approved: 2 Semester Credits ____________________________________________________ Investigation Advisor The Graduate College University of Wisconsin-Stout December, 2002 Career Choice Factors 2 The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751Read MoreRoadmap to Csr Sustainability in Healthcare16191 Words   |  65 Pages   and   highlights   the    significance    of    CSR    in    hospital    operations.    This    part    also    provides    detailed    information    about    the    key    CSR    terms,    hospital    case    studies    and    significant    CSR    issues    relevant    to    hospital   functions.   In   short,   Part   One   will   serve   three   main   purposes:       1. Gives    the    readers Read MoreSwots: Strategic Management and Swot Analysis10111 Words   |  41 Pagesclassification as a business analysis. The first focused on the use of SWOT as a research tool or method for strategic planning. These studies were grouped separately as were the second group of business cases targeted for student analysis and published primarily in business case journals. In each case study the SWOT methodology was recommended as a tool for student decision-making. Once the categories were finalized, the co-authors again separately coded the studies into the framework alone and thenRead MoreSwots: Strategic Management and Swot Analysis10122 Words   |  41 Pagesclassification as a business analysis. The first focused on the use of SWOT as a research tool or method for strategic planning. These studies were grouped separately as were the second group of business cases targeted for student analysis and published primarily in business case journals. In each case study th e SWOT methodology was recommended as a tool for student decision-making. Once the categories were finalized, the co-authors again separately coded the studies into the framework alone and thenRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesprecisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book thatRead MoreThe Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Behaviour: Does Csr Affect Consumer Decision Making and Buying Behaviour Within the Uk Supermarket Industry12140 Words   |  49 Pagessupermarkets CSR activities and ethical definitions, participants scored lowly. In addition minimum action towards ethical behaviour was illustrated. Conclusion: The more knowledgeable the consumer is of the CSR practices the higher awareness they have of ethical processes. This enables consumers to generally make informed ethical decisions and take part in ethical actions. Participants portrayed a good level of standard ethical behavior. This research discovered factors that can inhibit this process

Word Management Accounting

Question: You are a semi senior member of staff at the Accounting firm Turpin, Barker and Armstrong based in Sutton. You have been appointed to deal with a pair of new prospective clients who have inherited quite a substantial sum of money from their grandfathers will.These two are brothers want to set up a business but have no knowledge as to what type of business they want to get into let alone the form of business entity available to themAs a Semi-Senior member of the accounting staff, you are required to write a report to be delivered by your firm to these brothers explaining the issues below: Explain the different forms of business units(sole proprietorship, partnership, limited company) available, highlighting the benefits and limitations of each Explain financial accounting and management accounting, highlighting the differences between the two strands of accounting Assuming that you have not been given any information about the inheritance of the brothers. Explain the sources of financ e available to a business owner, looking at Short-term sources, Medium-term sources and Long-term sources of finance giving examples of each. Style, layout, format (Report writing format expected) and relevance Introduction, conclusion and Recommendation Referencing - Harvard Style? Answer: Introduction: The word management accounting means the technique of building the reports of administration and the financial records which represents the precise and suitable fiscal and mathematical data required by the board members of the company to take short term decisions. The phrase financial accounting means the technique which represents the annual report for the share holders of the company such as the companys balance sheet and the companys income statement. The informations are arranged by the firm for the traders of the company, the department of tax of the company and also for the stock holders of the company. In this research, the research analyst will revise the diverse forms of business units accessible in the market and the notion of financial accounting and the conception of management accounting. The different forms of business units: Sole Proprietorships: A industry which is owned and operate by a person is known as the sole proprietorship business. It is one of the regular and simplest type of a company. The industry may manage many people but the proprietorship of the company should be one (Kaliski, 2007). This form of industry can be simply created and the proprietor of the business can enjoy with the total amount of gain earned by the company. How a sole proprietorship is formed: The sole proprietorship can be created very simply. When an owner wants to start a company, can start a sole proprietorship company. To control a sole proprietorship company no special type of licenses is required to open a sole proprietorship company. The business which is sole proprietorship business can be maintained till the proprietor wants to operate the company. Advantages of Sole Proprietorship business: Sole Proprietorship Company has lots of merits as compared to other type of industry. The Sole Proprietorship industry have operational and tax advantages company. One of the operational merits of sole proprietorship industry is the sole proprietorship industry is very simple to construct the company. A person can become a proprietor of a company by running the industry (Mariotti and Glackin, 2013). Other operational merits of this kind of industry is the owner will run the industry single-handedly and will get the gain percentage of the industry alone. The tax merrits in the sole proprietorship industry are the sole proprietorship company does not required to file a diverse tax. The total gain of the industry or the total debt of the company will be taxable amount on the proprietor own income tax form. Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship business: Sole proprietorship has operational demerits and also has liability demerits as compared to other industry. One of the vital demerits of the sole proprietorship industry is the covert practice to liability. The owner is independently liable for any amount outstanding of the business or obligation of the business. Another limitation on sole proprietorship is operational demerits of the owner. If the owner wants to include another owner, then the company will no further be sole proprietorship business. The business will be then a partnership industry (Mintzer, 2013). The proprietor of the sole proprietorship industry can only include with his or her companion. Demise of a Sole Proprietorship: A sole proprietorship stops when the owner stops running the industry. These circumstances can be facade by the company when the owner sells the industry or shut down the company. Partnership: A company which is self owned by two or more persons who join their hands to each other to form an organization or a industry with the objective of achieving the profit for the business is well-known as Partnership in company. The persons who stick their hands jointly to form the company are well known as the Partners. The partners of the entity can provide the necessary cash to run the company jointly and can distribute the tasks among the partners of the company. When the person wants to start a company with the individuals partners, the person should make a decision and distribute the tasks among the partners that how much quantity will each partner will supply, which partner will control the company, who will make progress the debt of the company and who will get the utmost proportion of the gain earned by the business. Before opening the industry all the partners makes an agreement and depending on the same agreement the partners will control the company (Oberrecht, 2010). Depen ding on the agreement the partners control the business is well known as Partnership Deed. On the basis of this agreement the partners should start the industry and control the partnership industry. The agreement or the partnership deed should be in written rather than in oral, to avoid future controversies. Features of partnership form of business: More than two members: A company which is self owned by more than two members who jointly hold their hands each other to create an organization or a company with the objective of earning the profit for the business is well known as Partnership in an industry. The persons who jointly hold their hands mutually to create the company are well known as the Partners. Agreement: Before opening the company all the partners produces an agreement and depending on the same conformity the partners will control the company. Depending on the conformity, the partners control the business is well known as Partnership Deed. Depending on the agreement the partners should start the industry and control the partnership business (Crowther and Trott, 2004). The agreement or the partnership deed should be in written rather than in oral, to avoid future controversies. Lawful Business: The partners should hang about jointly to control the industry by obeying all the laws. The partners should not do black marketing or should not earn black money from the company. The entity should pay the taxes in the account of Government to keep their business run under all the laws. Competence of Partners: Maintaining the laws of business, the individuals who join their hands to control the partnership industry. The partners should not be below aged who stays jointly to control the partnership company. If this occurs then the company is not obeying the laws of the partnership industry which can take into problem for the business. The below aged cannot take any type valuable decisions to control the business. The below aged person can only get the share of the gain received by the company (Tesner and Kell, 2000). Sharing of profits : The main objective of the industry is to receive utmost gain. The sharing of the gain percentage should be written in the conformity. The partners who run the business should obey the conformity to restrict the controversies. If the sharing of gain percentage is not mentioned in the conformity then the gain percentage receive by the business should be split among the partners uniformly. Advantages of Partnership business: a) Establishing the Partnership firm is very simple.b) A lot of resources are obtainable in Partnership firm.c) The firm is operating by the partners. So, all the owners of the firm can take decision for the firm. This will help the firm to have a healthier decision.d) The functional issue of the partnership firm is very lithe in nature.e) All the partners of the firm, split the peril factor of the business among themselves. Disadvantages of Partnership business: a) The debt of Partnership firm is unlimited.b) There is no assurance of existence for the partnership firm.c) In Partnership business, the administration of the business has deficient in harmony (Steingold, 2011).d) The wealth amount in Partnership firm is to control the firm is very limited.e) The shares of the gain percentage received by the partnership firm cannot be shifted to external people without taking consent from other partners of the firm. Limited Company: The constitution of integration that precincts the whole quantity of responsibility should be under anxiety of the stock holders of the firm. The description of this kind of constitution of a corporate firm is practiced in the European countries. It is generally well known as the limited liability company. Afterward, this kind of firm is well known as Liability Company. Two types of limited company exist in the corporate world. One type of Limited Company is well known as Public Limited Company and the other type of Limited Company is well known as Private Limited Company (Shaw and Barry, 2001). In Limited Company, the cash payable of the company is separated from the stock holders of the firm. The ownership of the limited company can simply shifted to another person. Many of the Limited Company is operating all the way through their generations. How a Limited Company is formed: When a person thinks to start a limited company, then initially, the person should register the company name with the Companies House. The major purpose of Companies House is to look after the firms which are under Companies House. The registration of the company falls under the Companies Act 2006 (Birkin, 2000). During the 21st Century, there are more than two millions limited company in the corporate market of European countries and over three lakhs limited companies is there in the present year. Under the Act of Companies Act 2006, every limited company should have one director and one company secretary. Advantages of Limited Company: a) Traders always have interest to trade in the limited business.b) The word limited gives an extra weight to the business.c) The traders can simply shift the stocks in the limited firm and the conformity of limited firm is much more translucent and lithe as compare to other firms.d) The dividend paid by the limited company and the dividend paid to the investors are less taxable as compared to other types of business.e) The payable of tax rate is very much less in limited firm (Clubb, 2005). Disadvantages of Limited Company: a) Due to the obligation in lawmaking, the price of accountancy is very high in limited firms.b) The secretary of the company and the directors of the firm adhere the lawmaking under the Company Act 2006.c) In limited company, the coercion in legislatives is more in form such as CENVAT, the financial records of the yearly report of the limited firm. The concept of Management Accounting: The phrase management accounting means the technique of making the information of management and the financial records which represent the precise and suitable financial and arithmetical information required by the administrators to take small tenure decisions (Beyersdorff, M. 2009). The concept of Financial Accounting: The phrase financial accounting means the technique which reflects the annual report for the stock holders like the companys balance sheet and the income statement of the firm (Harrison, W. 2014). This helps the firm to comprehend the fiscal position of the business. This informations are arranged by the firm for their traders, department of tax of the firm and for the stock holders of the firm (Horngren, C. 2009.). Difference between the financial accounting and management accounting: The phrase financial accounting means the technique which reflects the annual report for the stock holders whereas the management accounting reflects the monthly or weekly report for the administrators of the firm and for the chief executive officer of the industry (Miller-Nobles, et al 2014). The information which the manager get from the management accounting reflects the administrator of the firm that how much money is accessible in the firms account, the generation of sales revenue, the cash payable by the firm, the cash receivable by the firm and also gives much other arithmetical data about the industry (Needles, B. and Powers, M. 2007). According to the character of the resource of business, they are mostly confidential as interior resource and exterior resource. On the other hand, they are also segmented as petite term resource of business, intermediate term resource of money and elongated term resource of money. Petite term resources of economics are those which are accessible only for a year. Likewise, middle term resources of economics are available for company up to 5 years and elongated term resource of money are accessible for more than 5 years. Individual resources of funding can be segmented under some of the above declared three heads. On the other hand, normal stocks assets are the most important elongated term resource of money. Along with this, credit assets, bank credit and undertaking assets are also considered as the elongated term resource of money. However, may credit assets also known as the intermediate term resource of money. The over draft of bank is the key petite term resource of money. Considering the resources of money whether it is petite term, intermediate term or elongated term, there required to assume the officially authorized construction of the company association like it is a Limited or Private Limited Company. For example, Limited and Private Limited Company can put on the market to sell their stocks, but sole investors, joint venture or Partnership Company cannot sell their stocks in the market. So, based on the officially authorized organization of the company, the resources of money may changes. Likewise, the employ of funding also reflects the type of resource required to be used. For example, situation of a new company one person should go for elongated term resource of funding. Supplementary, the profit percentage also reflects the type of resource of funding should be used. In this framework, the stage of risk or risk absorbing capabilities, first choice of the owners, the stage of quantity are needed also mostly affects the accessibility of the resource of money. Conclusion: The research analyst studied in this research that the diverse kinds of business units. They are Sole Proprietorship business, Partnership business, Limited Company. There are many merits imposed in the each and every type of business unit. From the merits, the research analyst finds that the Limited Company firm is better than the other two types of firm. There are some demerits imposed in each and every type of firm units. The research analyst also studied in this research about the significance of management accounting and financial accounting in a firm to control the firm productively. To obtain the aim of the business, the management accounting study and financial accounting is required. These two types of bookkeeping tools also help the firm to realize the situation of the business. Recommendation: Each business units have merits and demerits. The traders should maintain about the merits and the demerits of the industry units. The traders should classify the kind of firm the trader wants to control. The trader should try to diminish the demerits of the industry unit by observance about the demerits of the industry unit. References: Kaliski, B. (2007). Encyclopedia of business and finance. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. Mariotti, S. and Glackin, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Mintzer, R. (2013). Start your own grant writing business. Irvine, Calif.: Entrepreneur Media. Oberrecht, K. (2010). How to start a home-based photography business. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press. Sinclair, J. (2007). EBay business the smart way. New York, NY: Amacom. Crowther, J. and Trott, B. (2004). Partnering with purpose. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. Tesner, S. and Kell, G. (2000). The United Nations and business. New York: St. Martin's Press. Birkin, M. (2000). Building the integrated company. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Gower. Shaw, W. and Barry, V. (2001). Moral issues in business. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Steingold, F. (2011). Legal guide for starting running a small business. Berkeley, Calif.: Nolo. Needles, B. and Powers, M. (2007). Introduction of financial accounting. Beyersdorff, M. (2009). International GAAP 2014. Harrison, W. (2014). Financial accounting. Harlow: Pearson. Horngren, C. (2009.). Introduction to financial accounting. Miller-Nobles, T., Mattison, B., Matsumura, E. and Horngren, C. (2014). Horngren's financial managerial accounting. Boston: Pearson. Needles, B. and Powers, M. (2011). Principles of financial accounting. Warren, C., Reeve, J. and Duchac, J. (2013). Corporate financial accounting. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cenage Learning.

The Student’s Responsibility How to Success in College Essay Example

The Student’s Responsibility How to Success in College Essay â€Å"It’s the teacher’s job to teach me stuff,† (personal communication, July 15, 2003). Some students agree with this statement and they also think the only way to be successful in college is to just show up to class, but it takes a little more than that. The student has to be willing to do the work and listen to what the teacher is trying to teach them. Even though the professors provide excellent tools to help students become successful in college, it’s the student’s responsibility to take action and make a preliminary plan to help him or her to become successful in college. Basically it’s up to the student to put the effort towards getting their education. Another way for a student to be successful in college is to know what personal responsibility means to them and why it’s important. I think this quote sums up personal responsibility really good. â€Å"If you could kick the person in the pants responsible for most of your trouble, you wouldn’t sit for a month,† Theodore Roosevelt. We will write a custom essay sample on The Student’s Responsibility How to Success in College specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Student’s Responsibility How to Success in College specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Student’s Responsibility How to Success in College specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Personal responsibility is when an individual sees and accepts the rules that society establishes for one’s behavior and they live by these rules. The person must be accountable for the consequences of their actions and values towards everything in life no matter how bad or good the results are. Responsibility is important in college because the individual is taking charge of their lives by signing up for classes and going to college. When someone decides to go to college it’s to better themself or to help the person advance in their present job. Whatever the reason is, they decided to take action and control of their lives. According to Protheroe (2002), â€Å"A teacher’s role is to help students build a plan, and judge their own learning process to become self-sufficient learners. One of the ways they do this is handing out a syllabus, which is like a course outline. A syllabus lets the student know what is to read and when assignments are due. It also is a guide to help the pupil to know what is expected of them and what they might get from the course. The course outline is a basic tool and it’s up to the pupil to use it or not. One of the first things a student must have is a good attitude about being in college. They also need to have good values. When a person feels terrific about what they are doing they will have a better chance at being successful. Having good values also play an important role in our lives. Our values shape who we are and who we want to be. A college student that has wonderful values will be flexible and willing to give up some of their social life to study and do homework. The second tool is telling the truth about one self. This can help a person change any bad habits the might need improving. Telling the truth will help when a student does an exercise called the Discovery Wheel. According to Ellis (2011), the Discovery Wheel will show the person what kind of student they are and what kind of student they want to be. The purpose of this exercise is for the student to answer questions about their skills, how they see school, time and life. The results will tell the student what their strengths are and weaknesses are and basically what type of student they are. All this information will be helpful to the student to be successful in college. I found out in doing the Discovery Wheel, that I need to work on the areas of testing, and memory. I do have a problem in taking test. I suffer from test anxiety, and I do forget a lot of important information. There is a lot I can do to improve these areas. I can study better and I will know the material better. I can do this by studying a little each night or going over my notes. I also need to relax and take a few deep breaths before a test. To help me with my memory is to get more sleep. I don’t get enough sleep every night and this can affect your memory. Also studying a little each day can help my memory. I also need to apply what I need to memories to my every days life. We remember what we apply to our lives. The Discovery wheel will also help the student find out what type of learner they are. This is important because when a student finds out what type of learner he or she is and this will help them to know how to study for test, take notes, and everything else they will do in college. We all learn in different ways. Some people are visual learners, and others learn by seeing things done. Then there are people who learn by listening, and others learn by hands on. It’s important that the student know what type of learner they are, so they can study in the right way. Another aspect of telling the truth is figuring out your values. Values can help a person set good goals. A student can’t be successful in college unless they set some goals. There are many benefits of strong goals. When person has resilient goals they make better life decisions, and can use their goals to keep them motivated (Harrington, 2013). There are long-term, mid-term, and short-term goals. A perfect example of a long-term goal is graduating from college with honors at the top of your class. Long-term goals take from five to 20 years to complete. There are mid-term goals which take one to five years to accomplish. An example is taking a few college courses and finishing those classes successfully. The mid-term goals should support the person’s long-term goals. The short-term goals are last and these can be met in six months to a year. This could be passing a class with an A. Like the mid-term, short-term should support the long-term goals. It’s important to set durable goals in college, but it is the student’s responsibility to make sure all their goals are met for their current classes and for the future courses. Setting goals lead into time management. Time management is important to a college student because they have a lot do in a short time. If they spend enough hours on their studying and class work this should help them reach their goals quicker. A student can use a time monitor plan. This is a chart with times, and the person will write down what they did every hour. (Halonen Santrock, 2013). The student needs to do this for two weeks and they will see if they are managing their time or they need improvements. Students need to spend just as many hours studying as they do in class. Sometimes students think they are spending enough time on their class load until they are late for an assignment or having trouble in a class. This is when the time monitor plan can be helpful. Another great tool is making a to-do list. This helps the student make sure they get everything done for a day, or a class. This will help keep student organized. When a student writes out a list they need to put the most important things that need to be done or the projects that take the longest first for they do get them done. The to-do list will help make sure that they don’t forget any assignments. â€Å"The most important factors a student needs to know to be successful in college is to have personal responsibility for their life, school, be self-disciplined, and honest they will be just fine in college,† (Hersh Schneider,2005). This quote sums up what a student needs to do to be successful in college. They need to remember why they enrolled in classes, and the goals they set for themselves, and they should do well. If a student is responsible for themselves and do what needs to be done to get their degree they will gain the skills to graduate from college. It’s all about the student and what they want out of their education. Education is a gift that shouldn’t be wasted. Annotated Bibliography Anonymous (personal communication, July 15, 2003), What you don’t get out of College education: Personal success skills necessary to exceed in school and in life, Vital Speech of the Day (69. 19) 604. This speech I found in school library explains that the individual control over their lives. This person gives some good tips on college and how it’s the student’s responsibility. Halonen J. Santrock J. (2013). Your Guide to College Success Strategies for Achieving Your Goals (17th Ed. ). US. Wadsworth Cengage Learning It’s a text book or guide that helps give the reader tools and skills which will help be successful in college. Harrington, C. , Student Success in College: Doing What Works, (2013) US. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Christine Harrington is a Licensed Psychologist, License of New Jersey. This book gives strategies on how to be a successful student. Hersh, R. H. , Schneider, C. G. (2005, Summer). Fostering Personal Social responsibility on College University Campuses. Liberal Education, 91(3/4), 6-13. The authors stress how it’s the student’s responsibility for the higher education. They have some good ideas and tips to help a student have success in college. Ellis, D. Becoming a Master Student (13th Ed. ) Boston, MA. Wadsworth This text book covers everything to help one become a successful in college. It ties it all into how it’s the student’s responsibility. Protheroe, N. (2002, Dec). More Learning Strategies for deeper student learning. The Education Digest, 68(4), 25-28. This article is about how students who are effective user of learning strategies and have a better sense of their strengths. How teachers help the student come up with a plan and find how their own learning process. Roosevelt, Theodore, â€Å"If you could kick the person in the pants responsible for most of your trouble, you wouldnt sit for a month. †

The Flight essays

The Flight essays In his classic short story, "Flight," John Steinbeck uses many examples of symbolism to foreshadow the conclusion. Symbolism can be anything, a person, place or thing, used to portray something beyond itself. It is used to represent or foreshadow the ending of the story. Steinbeck uses colors, direction, and nature symbolism to help presage Pep's tragic death. Let us now more closely examine the ways that Steinbeck uses colors to foreshadow the ending of his short story. Perhaps the most repeatedly used symbol in "Flight," is the color black. In literature many authors use black to represent death. There are numerous examples in this short story. Some of these include the black handle on the long blade, Pep's black hair and the black jerky. Another example may be found when Pep puts on his fathers black coat, which represents death. When Pep puts on the coat he is literally covering himself with death. Another fine example is the trail in which Pep travels. Steinbeck describes the path as a well-worn black path. By traveling on this path he is in fact taking the road of death. Furthermore Pep's appearance also helps foreshadow the ending. Steinbeck describes him as having a black hat that covers his black thatched hair. Pep is also described as being dark, lean and tall. Another example is Pep's shack. The shack is described as weathered and very old. It casts a rather large shadow to the North east. The darkness of the shadow symbolizes death in th e home. As we can readily see, the authors use of black symbolism in the story tells us that the main character, Pep, is impending death. Another commonly used symbol in the story "Flight," is direction. Direction is used to represent positive or negative effects. North and East are generally "good" directions. Many people feel this came about when the early man saw the sun rise in the East. On the contrary, the d ...

How to Derive the Formula for Combinations

How to Derive the Formula for Combinations After seeing formulas printed in a textbook or written on the board by a teacher, it is sometimes surprising to find out that many of these formulas can be derived from some fundamental definitions and careful thought. This is particularly true in probability when examining the formula for combinations. The derivation of this formula really just relies upon the multiplication principle. The Multiplication Principle Suppose there is a task to do and this task is broken into a total of two steps. The first step can be done in k ways and the second step can be done in n ways. This means that after multiplying these numbers together, the number of ways to perform the task is nk. For example, if you have ten kinds of ice cream to choose from and three different toppings, how many one scoop, one topping sundaes can you make? Multiply three by 10 to get 30 sundaes. Forming Permutations Now, use the multiplication principle to derive the formula for the number of combination of r elements taken from a set of n elements. Let P(n,r) denote the number of permutations of r elements from a set of n and C(n,r) denote the number of combinations of r elements from a set of n elements. Think about what happens when forming a permutation of r elements from a total of n. Look at this as a two-step process. First, choose a set of r elements from a set of n. This is a combination and there are C(n, r) ways to do this. The second step in the process is to order r elements with r choices for the first, r - 1 choices for the second, r - 2 for the third, 2 choices for the penultimate and 1 for the last. By the multiplication principle, there are r x (r -1 ) x . . . x 2 x 1 r! ways to do this. This formula is written with factorial notation. The Derivation of the Formula To recap, P(n,r ), the number of ways to form a permutation of r elements from a total of n is determined by: Forming a combination of r elements out of a total of n in any one of C(n,r ) waysOrdering these r elements any one of r! ways. By the multiplication principle, the number of ways to form a permutation is P(n,r ) C(n,r ) x r!. Using the formula for permutations P(n,r ) n!/(n - r)!, that can be substituted into the above formula: n!/(n - r)! C(n,r ) r!. Now solve this, the number of combinations, C(n,r ), and see that C(n,r ) n!/[r!(n - r)!]. As demonstrated, a little bit of thought and algebra can go a long way. Other formulas in probability and statistics can also be derived with some careful applications of definitions.

Interpersonal Skills for Work Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interpersonal Skills for Work Place - Essay Example The nature of interpersonal communication is dynamic because it cannot be explained or generalized easily. People are extremely different and therefore there is no one theory that can inform managers about how to behave in the workplace. Each situation has to be assessed individually and then judgement should be made accordingly. The aim should be to maximize the benefit of the organization and gain maximum out of the employees. The theoretical framework explaining effective interpersonal skills can only be used as a guideline. It is based upon general principles that are aimed at effective listening and communication of thoughts. It is also vital not to overreact but at the same time digression should be avoided at all cost. Such basic techniques can improve interpersonal skills at the workplace.Analysis of Team MembersIn the meeting there are different team members. First of all it is important to clearly define roles of chairperson and care manager. Then direction of the housing a ssociation is to be set. It is extremely important to shape the conversation on the right track otherwise no conclusive thing will come out of such meetings. It is also important to understand the behavioural cues of the team members. In face to face encounters on average 55% of communication is done through body language and only 7 % is communicated through words (Donnelley & Neville, 2008). This is why team members that are not speaking may be contributing to the meeting. It is therefore important to understand their point of view as well.

A summary of Death of the Duopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A summary of Death of the Duopoly - Essay Example Gillepsie and Welch point out that these parties will always be around, but voters also have the ability to make their own stance. Economists recognize the Republican and Democratic parties as being the longest-lived duopoly. However, they have not considered that this duopoly may meet the same end as duopolies before them, which is that a collusion of interests will bring about a revolt of the customers. Gillepsie and Welch use Kodak and Fujifilm as an example. Kodak was a huge, unbeatable name until Fujifilm came along, but the two held their ground as a strong duopoly in a way that economists believed was unbreakable. Unfortunately, Kodak and Fujifilm began to drop and fell completely with the rise of digital cameras and software. Like other duopolies, Kodak and Fujifilm treated their customers like â€Å"captives,† leaving them no choice in what they can buy and what they would pay. With the rise of digital technology and more options for customers, the duopoly fell entirely. The government, while a duopoly, does not face the same changes and downfall as Kodak and Fujifilm since it does not depend on customers to obtain its money. They can still meet an end, though, as their customers (the taxpayers) find an alternative method by â€Å"creating angry and effective coalitions to confront the status quo.† This does not necessarily mean that Republicans and Democrats will just disappear in the immediate or distant future, given their guaranteed revenue stream and their ability to do what they must to survive. However, the voters have a similar ability to create new methods that have made, and are still making, the political duopolists

Private Wealth Management Internship Sample Writing Paper Essay Example for Free

Private Wealth Management Internship Sample Writing Paper Essay I am a business and economics major interested in interning in a Private Wealth Management institution in Washington. I plan to have a career in Private Wealth/Asset Management also known as Private Banking. Private Banks can either be a department in a larger bank or independent investment firms. In the past, they solely served wealth individuals. However, now former middle class entertainment stars, politicians, writers are now turning affluent overnight. They will need the services of a Private Banker to oversee. This is a crucial branch of the financial industry. In view of the current crisis rocking the financial and real estate markets, most property owners want to spend less and save more in case there is a recession. Therefore, Private Bankers are necessary to guide the high net worth individual to design and implement a beneficial financial portfolio for both parties. Private Bankers assist in the management of personal and business properties. First, they protect and preserve already existing assets by applying all the business or economic competencies, accounting skills and law knowledge that they acquired through education or experience, to ensure that the client’s portfolio does not diminish in value. Alternatively, they can work jointly with other professional such as lawyers and government agencies e.g. The Trust Department. Second, Private Bankers invest their client’s properties and monies in diverse investment vehicles to grow their clients’ portfolios while reducing the risks of losses and maximizing profits. Third, these Private Wealth Managers balance the investments of their’ clients with a view to finding them fair tax regimes creating enough income to cater for expenses.   Fourth, they advise clientele on personal finance decisions including the purchases of real estate, insurance etc. Fifth, some offer distinctive services such as: planned donations for charity; transfer and running of agricultural real estate; purchase, valuation, sale and administration of art collections; assessment of intellectual properties; and liquidation of royalties accrued from book or movie sales. ( Martinez and Martinez, 1-43) Initially, I want to get an internship as a Private Wealth Management Trainee in any of the major private Asset Management firms in Washington, then later move up the ladder and open up my own firm one day. Private Wealth Management is not just about multiplying dollars, but it also has a personal side, which is why I was attracted to it in the first place. It is remnant of the banking industry of the Wild West banking style when your banker was your friend and involved himself completely in the financial activities of his customers. I prefer Private Banking because of three reasons which have nothing to do with money. One is the personal service offered to the client. The Private Banker will interact intimately with his client. They share a cordial relationship based on trust. Finances are one of the most important issues in anyone’s life. Money is vital for survival. A client should be able to know who is handling this precious commodity by face and why this private banker makes those decisions for him. Two, the investment strategies are tailored to satisfy the needs of the customer. In private banking, the managers take into account the different backgrounds and goals of their clientele. Ultimately, the client is the own who determines what path his investments will take. This is because he shares his financial dreams with the private banker who designs financial plans based on these thoughts, invest the money and adjust the portfolio accordingly. Three, there is a degree of independence. The Private Banker does not work under the same time-space constraints as banker. They deal with their clients at different locations and may work in different deadline and schedules from a corporate or retail banker. They conduct business in different environments and are not confined to offices. This freedom of movement and spontaneity is very attractive to me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As much as Private Banking is personal, the principal in private management is making profit. I know how to calculate figures and combine varied investment media in such a way as to maximize on the benefits of the market. I make an excellent Private Banker because I already have the qualities for this career. I am patient, possess great people skills, have sound business and economic training and I am not afraid of dealing with large sums of money, prime property. My greatest asset is my good rapport with people. A Private Banker needs to have a convivial relationship with his clients and that description describes to a tee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While in Washington I plan to research on the diverse communication and relational methods that Private Bankers employ to attract, attain, and retain clientele. This is because the emphasis of Private Banking to me is based on not just portfolio management but client management.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, Private Banking is an area of the finance industry that has lived for many years with the unfair tag of snobbery. However, I believe that Private Banking is the way of future. I predict in 10 years time Private Bankers will be in high demand as the financial market grows in complexity and the public becomes more educated about the importance and relevance of asset or wealth management to assure their current financial freedom and that of their loved ones. Bibliography Martinez, Mike. and Michael, Martinez. Vault Career Guide to Private Wealth Management. Vault Inc. 2007.

William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- William Shakespeare macbeth lad

William Shakespeare's Macbeth During the Elizabethan era, the great chain of being reigned. Women were low on this chain of power, and men were on top. In fact, women were below horses; you couldn’t live without a good horse, but, you could live without a wife. Lady Macbeth was a woman before her time, she was caught between being today’s ambitious, powerful modern woman and a fragile creature of the Elizabethan era. In the first four acts of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is vicious, overly ambitious, without conscience, and willing to do whatever it takes to get what she wants. In this case, she wants to become Queen of Scotland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Whiles I stood rapt in the/ wonder of it, came missives from the king, who all-/ hailed me, ‘Thane of Cawdor’; by which title, before,/ these weird sisters saluted me, and referred me to the/ coming on of time, with ‘Hail, King that shalt be!’/ This have I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest/ partner of greatness; that thou mightest not lose the/ dues of rejoicing, by being ignorant of what greatness/ is promised thee. " (I v, 5-13).Because Lady Macbeth is a woman, she does not have the strength in her female frame, either in heart, body nor mind to carry out the deed of killing the King. Therefore, she calls upon the aid of the supernatural to give her male powers, so that she may have the gall to go through with the plan to murder the King, and allow Macbeth to obtain the throne. "The raven himself is hoarse/ That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan/ Under my battlements. Come, you spirits/ That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,/ And fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full/ Of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood,/ Stop up the access and passage to remorse,/ That no compunctious visitings of nature/ Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between/ The effect and it! Come to my woman’s breasts,/ And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers,/ Wherever in your sightless substances/ You wait on natures’s mischief! Come thick night,/ and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,/ That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,/ Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,/ To cry ‘Hold, hold!’" (I v, 41-57)"Man: a human male, or human kind. Women have always been considered as the gentler and fair sex. Lady Macbeth feels that to commit this crime, she must become as cruel as she believes men are. Sh... ...and womanly nature had been worked up to a concentration and high tension which could not endure for long." (Shakespeare Criticism- Freud on the Macbeths). Lady Macbeth is a powerful character who goes from a rise to power to a fall of mental illness brought on by guilt. She was caught between two time periods, that of the Elizabethan era and modern day. Works Cited Harbrace Shakespeare. Macbeth. Ed. Margaret Kortes. Harcourt Brace: Canada, 1988.William Shakespeare Criticism- Freud on the Macbeths (from Some Character-Types Met With in Psycho-Analytical Work; 1916). <a href="http://sunflower.singnet.com.sg/~yisheng/notes/shakespere/mbeth_f.htm">http://sunflower.singnet.com.sg/~yisheng/notes/shakespere/mbeth_f.htmLady Macbeth- Character Changes Throughout the Play PlanetPapers.com. <a href="http://www.plantpapers.com/count.cgi?ID=1790">http://www.plantpapers.com/count.cgi?ID=1790The Rise and Fall of Lady Macbeth <a href="http://www.aurora.komux.norrkoping.se/oxford/litera/tim/links.htm">http://www.aurora.komux.norrkoping.se/oxford/litera/tim/links.htmMacbeth SparkNotes Online Study Guides <a href=http://www.sparknotes.com">http://www.sparknotes.com William Shakespeare's Macbeth Essay -- William Shakespeare macbeth lad William Shakespeare's Macbeth During the Elizabethan era, the great chain of being reigned. Women were low on this chain of power, and men were on top. In fact, women were below horses; you couldn’t live without a good horse, but, you could live without a wife. Lady Macbeth was a woman before her time, she was caught between being today’s ambitious, powerful modern woman and a fragile creature of the Elizabethan era. In the first four acts of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is vicious, overly ambitious, without conscience, and willing to do whatever it takes to get what she wants. In this case, she wants to become Queen of Scotland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Whiles I stood rapt in the/ wonder of it, came missives from the king, who all-/ hailed me, ‘Thane of Cawdor’; by which title, before,/ these weird sisters saluted me, and referred me to the/ coming on of time, with ‘Hail, King that shalt be!’/ This have I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest/ partner of greatness; that thou mightest not lose the/ dues of rejoicing, by being ignorant of what greatness/ is promised thee. " (I v, 5-13).Because Lady Macbeth is a woman, she does not have the strength in her female frame, either in heart, body nor mind to carry out the deed of killing the King. Therefore, she calls upon the aid of the supernatural to give her male powers, so that she may have the gall to go through with the plan to murder the King, and allow Macbeth to obtain the throne. "The raven himself is hoarse/ That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan/ Under my battlements. Come, you spirits/ That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,/ And fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full/ Of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood,/ Stop up the access and passage to remorse,/ That no compunctious visitings of nature/ Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between/ The effect and it! Come to my woman’s breasts,/ And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers,/ Wherever in your sightless substances/ You wait on natures’s mischief! Come thick night,/ and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,/ That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,/ Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,/ To cry ‘Hold, hold!’" (I v, 41-57)"Man: a human male, or human kind. Women have always been considered as the gentler and fair sex. Lady Macbeth feels that to commit this crime, she must become as cruel as she believes men are. Sh... ...and womanly nature had been worked up to a concentration and high tension which could not endure for long." (Shakespeare Criticism- Freud on the Macbeths). Lady Macbeth is a powerful character who goes from a rise to power to a fall of mental illness brought on by guilt. She was caught between two time periods, that of the Elizabethan era and modern day. Works Cited Harbrace Shakespeare. Macbeth. Ed. Margaret Kortes. Harcourt Brace: Canada, 1988.William Shakespeare Criticism- Freud on the Macbeths (from Some Character-Types Met With in Psycho-Analytical Work; 1916). <a href="http://sunflower.singnet.com.sg/~yisheng/notes/shakespere/mbeth_f.htm">http://sunflower.singnet.com.sg/~yisheng/notes/shakespere/mbeth_f.htmLady Macbeth- Character Changes Throughout the Play PlanetPapers.com. <a href="http://www.plantpapers.com/count.cgi?ID=1790">http://www.plantpapers.com/count.cgi?ID=1790The Rise and Fall of Lady Macbeth <a href="http://www.aurora.komux.norrkoping.se/oxford/litera/tim/links.htm">http://www.aurora.komux.norrkoping.se/oxford/litera/tim/links.htmMacbeth SparkNotes Online Study Guides <a href=http://www.sparknotes.com">http://www.sparknotes.com

Introduction to Computer Application and Systems Essay

The first week required us to assemble a team and establish the team charter; we also discussed the benefits of information systems in the work environment, such as the computers and Internet access. Almost every major company has computers and Internet access now, the company cannot run smoothly without these basic information technology systems, if the company wants to be successful, it has to connect to the rest of the world and Internet is the best way for the company to do so. But there are also some bad sides about the advanced information technology systems, websites like â€Å"Facebook, Twitter, MySpace† require people put their personal information on the website, even some people are smart enough not putting their real name or address on the website, but majority of the computer users just do not have the awareness, they put their real personal information on those websites and once the information is there, it can never be erased. See more: how to start an essay about yourself for college We also talked about the history of the information systems in week one, such like â€Å"Roads† are the first information flow of the ancient world and other things like â€Å"Birds, Stone, Paper† all indicated the beginning of the information systems. Microsoft Office Word is one of the most useful tools designed by Microsoft, the impact it has had on writing is phenomenal, the Microsoft Office Word program is used by perhaps 95 percent of all writers currently extant, and it also changed the way people write, people do not have to worry about a misspelling or lost on word counts, because the Word tools can help them with all these problems. It is rare to see people still writing an essay or a business report on a piece of paper now; this just shows the information technology systems made people’s life so much easier and how important they relate to the society.

Modern public life Essay

â€Å"Modern Public life could not exist or function properly without the Media† In this essay I will be discussing the above statement and arguing that without Media, modern public life could not exist. I will first explain some key terms to help in the argument including explaining the meaning of the term Public Life. According to the Collins Dictionary â€Å"The Public is people in general or the people of a particular place. Public is used to talk about the feelings and behaviours of people in general. If someone is a public figure or is in public life, they are well known. Public is used to talk about things being said or done so that everyone can hear them or see them†. What is meant by the term Public Life is a space where a body of people can come together to discuss issues relating to their group. These groups can be very small like a book club or large like the United Nations and they can discuss anything from the latest Bryce Courtney novel to world peace. Geoffrey Craig in his book The Media Politics and Public Life explains the concept of public life as: â€Å".. A body of people within a society and a domain within which debate about that society occurs†¦ The public is also a subject, and people come together as a public in modern times when they engage in readings of the events, the stories and the debates that circulate in the society. â€Å"(2002. P49) Public life occurs where private issues are brought to the attention of the general public through the use of the media. Without out the media it would be private life, not public life. Media, as defined by the Collins dictionary is the plural of medium which â€Å"is a means of communicating or teaching something. † When we talk about the media we do not just use traditional forms of media like newspapers, television and radio but we also use other forms of media like movies, the internet, transnationals companies and communication technologies. All of these forms of media are sites where the meanings of public life are played out, debated and evaluated. Our everyday lives could not function properly without the media. Media is a drug that we cannot live in a democratic society without. We listen to the radio on the way to work to hear the traffic reports and to know where the multi-novas are hidden. When election time comes, we can’t invite John Howard round for dinner to discuss his policies so we rely on the media to show us them through television radio and newspapers. When a cyclone is coming our way, how do we know to lock up the house or leave town? The media inform us. Even the very early smoke signals were a form of media, a form of communication. It is important to stress here that there is no way that public life could function without the use of the media as the understandings of our society, the norms and values of the world in which we live are the products of living in a mediated world. We as a public only ever see the representations of a breaking story through the television or in the paper. We rely on the media to tell us breaking stories that are happening around the world because of our geographical locations. John Hartley (1992 P1) has noted: â€Å"while [the public domain and the public] don’t exist as spaces and assemblies, the public realm and the public are still to be found, large as life in the media. Television, popular newspapers, magazines and photography, the popular media of the modern period, are the public domain, the place where and the means by which the public is crated and has its being. † In talking about public life we must clarify the notion of having a public sphere. By public sphere we mean any activities that occur in the public eye or that is brought to the attention of the public through the media. Habermas argues that the original public spheres originated with the early Bourgeois movement in the tea houses, libraries and reading societies in England. It was here where people gathered to discuss issues concerning their lives and the society in which they lived. What made this a public sphere was that the people were all gathered in one place discussing issues that were relevant to them. Although this was regarded as one of the original democracies that were a voice for the people, Habermas also understood that the early tea house publics were not totally representative of the communities for which they were fighting for. In the early days women were not included in the tea house discussions, also, only a certain class of people were allowed to enter the tea houses and those that could not read would not need to go to reading houses or libraries. Of course those that could not travel to these public events had no said either. This limited the voice of the people to only those that were upper-class, well educated men that could travel. This was not representative of the wider communities. The next stage in the evolution of public life was when the printing presses made literature available to the mass public. This literature was free from state control and was the newest site for public life to be played out on. Of course if you were illiterate the medium was useless but for those that could read and had access to the literature a new public was formed. The reading public was not tied by geographical restrictions. The development of film was again a new medium that with it brought a new public. By now we have to understand that there are a huge amount of publics that all have their own issues to debate. A person can be part of a number of publics at one time. She may be a single mother, working at the supermarket, she is part of the conservative party, is a part of a sci-fi reading club, she buys Thai cooking books, buys red wine and goers to wineries, is part of a mothers group at day care, has a network of other single friends on the internet and is part of a union at work. All of these publics want very specific things and all lobby for different things, the private issues become public when they are played out through the different types of media. Without the media the issues would not be brought into the public spotlight and would likely not be resolved. It is essential to point out that modern public life is played out through our media consumption and not through our everyday experiences. We collectively watched the September 11 attacks through our televisions, listened to the disaster unfold on our radios and read about and saw the pictures of the devastation in newspapers. Without these sites we would not have experienced it at all. This highlights the fact that we rely on the media to get information that would not readily be available to us. Peter Dahlgren argues that the public sphere is not just a â€Å"marketplace for ideas or an information exchange depot but also a major societal mechanism for the production and circulation of culture†. This idea of the media framing culture is very important because it gives the media great power to give meaning to our identities. Culture, which consist of ideas, customs, norms, values and attitudes are shared by the people of a particular country. Campaigns that promote a type of culture are often produced by government and portrayed through various media outlets. Popular campaigns that frame our culture are the domestic violence ad â€Å"Australia says NO to domestic violence† and the drink driving campaign, that enforce that fact that those things are going against our culture and that that type of behaviours is not accepted. These campaigns are dependant on the media getting the message out there. The main media technologies that are responsible for the communication of public news are television, radio and print and these all function as journalism. These are seen as the most trustworthy sources of information as they are governed by laws that protect privacy, defamation and the use of misleading information. Journalisms main role is to seek the truth and tell the masses. Although these forms of media are self regulated (to be free of outside influence) their guidelines that journalists have to abide by are strict to keep the freedom to self regulate. Television is the most powerful mass medium and is an absolute must in every household. In my house alone there are four televisions and there are only 2 people living there. â€Å"A productivity commission report found that Australia’s spend over 20 hours per week or 36% of their leisure time watching television†(Productivity Commission 200, P62). The ability to actually see an event or person and hear them speak makes television the most trustworthy of the media outlets. Politicians often measure the success of a campaign on the presentation of their image/policy/media events. Although television has taken over from the print media as the most popular type of news media, many argue that the print media are the most influential mass medium for political debate. Agenda setting for the day is mostly done by the ‘quality’ morning newspapers. Newspapers are often more detailed in their dissemination of public life because they are not restricted by the time factor that is TV. Radio is the secret weapon in the fight for a public life. The radio doesn’t have the ability to show the audience an event or doesn’t even give them a chance to read about an issue but it is the most pervasive forms of media as it can be listened to whilst driving or doing the housework. Politicians often use talkback radio as a direct link to the public. It is often the closet the general public will get to speaking with high profile players. Because the media is the chief agency to communicate public life and the world that we know is based on the representations of the media, there is much scrutiny placed on the authenticity of the stories that are shown to us. In Australia there are laws that ensure that one source does not have monopoly over the content of our media, Australia’s former prime minister Paul Keating put it best when he said that the cross ownership laws meant you could be a ‘prince of print or a queen of screen’ but not both. This means that one person will not be in control of all of the media of our country and so a true representation of society’s issues would be presented by the media. Again without the media, Australia would not be able to be a democratic society and have a public life. Through many different sites issues and events are played out and become open to the scrutiny of the general public. These different issues and events create discussion between the people that read or hear about them and this is what is meant by a public life. People that are hundreds of miles away from each other can be discussing the same issues without even having to talk to one another. These systems of communication enable us to live in a democratic society, a society where we can chose who leads us in government and we can discuss issues relating to our society. This would not happen if wasn’t for the role of the media. Without the media to portray issues and events we would never hear about a sale on in the city or about governmental policy that is set to affect us all. Public life as we know it would not be able to function properly without the media. References Craig, Geoffrey. Chapter 1, 2 and 3. The Media, Politics and Public Life. Victoria: Allen and Unwin, 2004. Cunningham, Stuart and Graeme Turner. The Media and Communications in Australia. St Leonard’s, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2002. Dahlgren, Peter. Television and the Public Sphere: Citizenship, Democracy and the Media. London: Sage, 1995 Grossberg, Lawrence, Ellen Wartella and D. Charles Whitney. â€Å"The Media and the Public. † Media Making: Mass Media in a Popular Culture. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage, 1998. 357-374 Habermas, Jurgen. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into the Category of Bourgeois Society. Trans, T. Burger. Cambridge: Polity, 1992. Scannell, Paddy. â€Å"Public service broadcasting and modern public life† Media, Culture and Society. 11(1989):135-166. Thompson, John. â€Å"The Media and the Development of the Modern Societies† The Media and Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995. 44-69 Wark, McKenzie. Celebrities, culture and cyberspace: the light on the hill in a post-modern world. Sydney: Pluto Press, 1999. 128-136 http://malagigi. cddc. vt. edu/pipermail/icernet/2004-January/002743. html http://www. zip. com. au/~athornto/thesis2. htm http://www. gseis. ucla. edu/faculty/kellner/kellner. html.

An Overview of the Drug Development Process essayEssay Writing Service

An Overview of the Drug Development Process essayEssay Writing Service An Overview of the Drug Development Process essay An Overview of the Drug Development Process essayMany people would agree that the issue of illegal drugs is the issue of public concern. The use of illegal drugs has become a national problem as it affects both the U.S. society and the country’s economy. Researchers have identified a number of categories of illegal drugs. These categories provide important information regarding the existing social problems that influence people’s decision to purchase illegal drugs.   According to the law experts, â€Å"the possession and use of illegal drugs is a criminal offence and a matter of serious public concern† (Lunney Oliphant, 2010, p. 798). The use of illegal drugs is not only a social problem, but it is a social problem that makes other social problems worse. Drugs are illegal if they have some addictive characteristics that have negative impact on human health. Moreover, drugs may be illegal in one country, but legally manufactured in another country. According to researchers, production and distribution of some types of illegal drugs can be viewed as an economic activity in many countries of Latin American and Asia (Lunney Oliphant, 2010). Besides, prescription drugs are legally manufactured in the U.S., but brought to the U.S. illegally from other countries because of the lower price. Illegal drugs make other social problems worse. Some of these social problems include criminal activity, low economic level and financial problems that prevent conducting scientific experiments and invent new drugs.The use of illegal drugs makes many social problems worse, including the problem of increased criminal activity in the cities and towns. Illegal drugs are distributed by criminals involved in criminal activity on distribution of cocaine, marihuana, heroin and other illegal drugs. The increased criminal activity has negative impact on the development of society, including cultural and social development (Tonkens, 2005).Moreover, the use and distrib ution of illegal drugs has a strong impact on the economic level of people. Drug dealers do not pay taxes as they are unemployed. This fact means they do not help our country. The U.S. citizens do not have any economic benefits from drug dealers.In addition, illegal drugs make the problem of HIV/AIDS more crucial for our society. The use of illegal drugs leads to the spread of various infectious diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, etc. People face this problem in all parts of the U.S.Besides, illegal prescription drugs brought to the U.S. from other countries have a strong impact on the U.S. economy. The U.S. citizens, who prefer to buy prescription drugs in Canada, Mexico and Asian countries at lower prices, do not contribute to the U.S. economy. As a result, the U.S. scientists have no opportunity to perform scientific experiments to invent new effective drugs. It has been found that â€Å"it costs about $1.8 billion to take a new compound to market a nd success is quite limited† (Tonkens, 2005). So, illegal prescription drugs prevent the invention of new effective drugs.Thus, illegal drugs are a serious social problem that makes other social problems worse. The U. S. Government is focused on finding the proper solutions to address this problem and eliminate the negative impact of illegal drugs on the U.S. economy and society.

Biography of Charles Darwin

Biography of Charles Darwin Charles Darwin  (Feb. 12, 1809 to April 19, 1882) holds a unique place in history as the foremost proponent of the theory of evolution. Indeed, to this day, Darwin is the most famous evolution scientist and is credited with developing the theory of evolution through natural selection. While he lived a relatively quiet and studious life, his writings were controversial in their day and still routinely spark controversy. As an educated young man, he embarked on an astounding voyage of discovery aboard a Royal Navy ship. The strange animals and plants he saw in remote places inspired his deep thinking about how life might have developed. When he published his masterpiece, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, he profoundly shook the scientific world. Darwins influence on modern science is impossible to overstate. Fast Facts: Charles Darwin Occupation: Naturalist and BiologistKnown For: Creating the Theory of Evolution, also known as DarwinismBorn: Feb. 12, 1809  in Shrewsbury, United KingdomDied: April 19, 1882 in Downe, United KingdomEducation: Christs College, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Bachelor of Arts, 1831; Master of Arts,1836Published Works: On the Origin of the Species, The Descent of Man, The Voyage of the BeagleSpouse: Emma WedgwoodChildren: William Erasmus, Anne Elizabeth, Mary Eleanor, Henrietta Emma (Etty), George Howard, Elizabeth, Francis, Leonard, Horace, Charles Waring   Early Life Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England. His father was a medical doctor, and his mother was the daughter of the famous potter Josiah Wedgwood. Darwin’s mother died when he was 8, and he was essentially raised by older sisters. He was not a brilliant student as a child but went on to study at The University of Edinburgh in Scotland, intending to become a doctor. Darwin took a strong dislike to medical education and eventually studied at Cambridge. He planned to become an Anglican minister before becoming intensely interested in botany. He received a degree in 1831. Voyage of the Beagle On the recommendation of a college professor, Darwin was accepted to travel on the second voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle. The ship was embarking on a scientific expedition to South America and islands of the South Pacific, leaving in late December 1831. The Beagle returned to England nearly five years later, in October 1836. Darwins position on the ship was peculiar. A former captain of the vessel had become despondent during a long scientific voyage because, it was assumed, he had no intelligent person to converse with while at sea. The British Admiralty thought that sending an intelligent young gentleman along on a voyage would serve a combined purpose: He could study and make records of discoveries while also providing intelligent companionship for the captain. Darwins famous journey allowed him time to study natural specimens from across the globe and collect some to study back in England. He also read books by Charles Lyell and Thomas Malthus, which influenced his early thoughts on evolution. In all, Darwin spent more than 500 days at sea and about 1,200 days on land during the trip. He studied plants, animals, fossils, and geological formations and wrote his observations in a series of notebooks. During long periods at sea, he organized his notes. Upon returning to England, Darwin married his first cousin Emma Wedgwood and began years of researching and cataloging his specimens. At first, Darwin was reluctant to share his findings and ideas about evolution. It wasnt until 1854 that he collaborated with Alfred Russel Wallace to jointly present the idea of evolution and natural selection. The two men were scheduled to present jointly to the Linnaean Society meeting in 1858. However, Darwin decided to not attend as one of his children was gravely ill. (The child died shortly thereafter.) Wallace also did not attend the meeting due to other conflicts. Their research was nevertheless presented by others at the conference, and the scientific world was intrigued by their findings. Early Writings and Influences Three years after returning to England, Darwin published Journal of Researches, an account of his observations during the expedition aboard the Beagle. The book was an entertaining account of Darwins scientific travels and was popular enough to be published in successive editions. Darwin also edited five volumes titled Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, which contained contributions by other scientists. Darwin himself wrote sections dealing with the distribution of animal species and geological notes on fossils he had seen. The voyage on the Beagle was, of course, a highly significant event in Darwin’s life, but his observations on the expedition were hardly the only influence on the development of his theory of natural selection. He was also greatly influenced by what he was reading. In 1838 Darwin read an Essay on the Principle of Population, which the British philosopher Thomas Malthus had written 40 years earlier. The ideas of Malthus helped Darwin refine his own notion of survival of the fittest. Malthus had been writing about overpopulation and discussed how some members of society were able to survive difficult living conditions. After reading Malthus, Darwin continued collecting scientific samples and data, eventually spending 20 years refining his own thoughts on natural selection. Publication of His Masterpiece Darwin’s reputation as a naturalist and geologist had grown throughout the 1840s and 1850s, yet he had not revealed his ideas about natural selection widely. Friends urged him to publish them in the late 1850s. And it was the publication of an essay by Wallace expressing similar thoughts that encouraged Darwin to write a book setting out his own ideas. In November 1859, Darwin published the book that secured his place in history, On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection. Darwin knew his views would be controversial, especially with those who believed heavily in religion, as he was somewhat of a spiritual man himself. His first edition of the book did not talk extensively about human evolution but did hypothesize that there was a common ancestor for all life. It wasnt until much later when he published The Descent of Man that Darwin really delved into how humans had evolved. This book was probably the most controversial of all his works. Darwins work instantly became famous and revered by scientists across the globe and his theories had an almost immediate impact upon religion, science, and society at large. Darwin was not the first person to propose that plants and animals adapt to circumstances and evolve over eons of time. But his book put forth his hypothesis in an accessible format and led to controversy. Later Life and Death On the Origin of Species was published in several editions, with Darwin periodically editing and updating material in the book. He also wrote a few more books on the topic in the remaining years of his life. While the scientific and religious communities debated his works, Darwin lived a quiet life in the English countryside, content to conduct botanical experiments. He came to be highly respected, regarded as a grand old man of science. Darwin died on April 19, 1882, and was honored by being buried in Westminster Abbey in London. At the time of his death, Darwin was hailed as a national hero.

Tourism and environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism and environment - Research Paper Example This paper briefly explains the negative impacts of tourism on culture, history and environment of a country. Culture is an important aspect of a country which gives a unique look to the country. For example, Nepal is the only Hindu country in the world whereas Saudi Arabia is witnessed as a traditional Muslim country. Tourism is an opportunity of the locals to know more about the external world. The Muslim dominated Middle East region is advanced rapidly because of the contributions of the westerners. The technology used for extracting the oil from the underground sources by the Middle Eastern countries as are borrowed from the westerners. In fact, in many of the critical positions in Middle East, westerners are working. Emirates Airlines has become one of the best airliners of the world mainly because of the contributions from the managing director, Maurice Flanagan. Thus tourism has many positive effects on cultures. â€Å"While presenting a culture to tourists may help preserve the culture, it can also dilute or even destroy it. The point is to promote tourism in the region so that it would both give incomes and create respect for the local tradition and culture† (Mirbabayev & Shagazatova). Tourism can damage the local culture in many ways. For example, lot of people from Middle East has started to imitate the dress codes and hairstyles of the westerners leaving their traditional dresses and fashion concepts behind. Moreover they started to change even their food habits because of the influence of the westerners. At present, in Middle East, most of the companies are looking for US or UK educated youths for hiring. Traditions and customs can also be changed because of the influence of tourists on a country’s culture. â€Å"Large hotel chain restaurants often import food to satisfy foreign visitors and rarely employ local staff for senior management positions, preventing local farmers and workers from reaping

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

Business - Essay Example It is vital for tracking supply components and management’s communication to workers. Another prominent way in which workers may utilize tablets or smart phones regards the system of instant messaging. It was previously regarded as personal. However, it proves as a fast and a cost-effective way of communicating. As regards to this system, managers and fellow workers can be aware of the workers that are assigned at their desks. It proves as an effective way of attaining crucial and fast information. There are two security concerns that a business may have with employees that communicate outside a network. A crucial concern pertains to the issue of confidentiality (Salomon, 2003). This regards the concept whether information is available to the right entities’ or owners. An example regards the aspect of a credit card transaction. Such information should only be available to the buyer and seller. In this aspect, credit cards require encryption in order that it remains inaccessible to other networks and others individuals. Another critical issue concerns with the aspect of data integrity (Salomon, 2003). In data integrity, the same should not be modified in an undetectable way. The breach of integrity occurs when another force modifies data during its transit. Users can attain harm on the breach of data. This regards the alteration of personal information that may implicate an individual fraud or

Medical Insurance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical Insurance - Research Paper Example The exceptions include: smoking cessation drugs, over the counter drugs, fertility drugs, birth control, and non-prescription drugs. The dental plan covers 70% of fillings, cleanings, scalings, exams, and polishing on the first $575 and this will grant the client a maximum of $400 in coverage each year. Recall visits are included in that every nine months per person. The other benefits that are included are listed below. Extended health care (starter) which provides a maximum of $250000 per person. Best Doctors Solutions Services includes protection if a serious illness or injury is suspected. An evaluation of the client's medical records by world class specialists who can confirm the first diagnosis. They will also determine steps for the best treatment options. This protection is great when a misdiagnosis occurs and the local physician can then take the appropriate steps at that point. Additional services include: treatment planning, determination of best service provider, and mana gement of the client's care. Chiropractor, Chiropodist, Osteopath, Naturopath, Podiatrist, Registered Massage Therapist, and Acupuncturist coverage is also included. The maximum that is covered is $20 per visit for 20 visits each year. Chiropractic X-ray for $35 maximum per person per year is covered.

The Big Five Inventory Bfi Psychology Essay

The Big Five Inventory Bfi Psychology Essay The present research is aimed at exploring the relationship between the Big Five Personality Factors and Academic Success. The Big Five Inventory, developed by John Benet-Martinez (1998), was administered on 158 students of the first and second year postgraduate (HR and Business Management) programs at XLRI. The participants current CQPI at XLRI and the XII standard percentage marks obtained at school served as the two measures of academic achievement. The results revealed that conscientiousness was significantly and positively associated with XII Standard percentage scores (r = 0.124, p Acknowledgements I am grateful to Dr. M. Srimannarayana for his unparalleled guidance and support which was a major motivation behind my doing this dissertation. I thank the participants of this study for having filled up the forms and for having shared their experiences with me for this project, without which I would have been unable to go anywhere with my analysis. I would also like to thank my classmates who helped me in many instances with valuable inputs regarding various concepts and issues. Table of Contents Introduction Two traditional indicators define academic performance grades and highest level of educational attainment. Academic achievement is affected by an interplay of cognitive abilities and personality traits, both of which are involved in the determination of the direction and intensity of intellectual investments. Previous studies undertaken to examine the predictors of academic success have focussed largely on intellectual ability. Anastasi (1954) noted declining correlations between IQ scores and academic performance with increasing levels of educational attainment. Specifically, the correlations between the two constructs declined from r = .70 in elementary school to r = .50 in secondary school and to r = .40 in college (Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2005). Within postsecondary education itself, there is a declining correlation between ability tests and other measures of intelligence with increasing years at school. This pattern repeats itself at the post-graduation level abilities have the highest predictive validity at the commencement of a students university or postgraduate experience, and then subsequently decline in magnitude (Humphreys, 1968; Humphreys Taber, 1973). These results indicate that individual differences in academic performance due to cognitive ability disappear with increasing years of education, even after clearing successive hurdles to admission. Hence, it appears that non-ability factors (i.e., personality, self-efficacy, and motivational variables) become more important in distinguishing between better and worse students when the students are pre-selected by past academic performance or intellectual ability (Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2006). Recent studies provide evidence in support of the measures of personality dimensions as possible predictors of academic achievement (e.g., Duckworth Seligman, 2005). Martin et al. (2006) found that personality characteristics have a major impact on performance at the undergraduate level across all 4 years of coursework. This impact was observed over and above the effects resulting from high school academic performance and intellectual ability (i.e., achievement test scores). Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham (2003) studied the linkages between personality traits and academic performance using two longitudinal samples of British university students. They found that personality scores measured during the first week of the academic year were significantly related to final exam results and programme work that were assessed three years later. Further, the predictive power of personality traits accounted for another 10-17% variance in academic performance when it was related to both academic behaviours (like attendance and class involvement) and teachers predictions. In another study, Furnham et al. (2003) found that personality traits accounted for about one-fifth of variance in exam marks and one-third of variance in essay grades over a 2-year period. McLaughlin, Moutray Muldoon (2007) examined the impact of personality in predicting academic performance among nursing students. They administered the Eysencks personality questionnaire (EPQ-R) on 384 nursing students in their first year of study. The results of the EPQ-R were then analysed along with the final marks obtained at the end of the program. They found that students with high scores on psychoticism were more likely to withdraw from the program. Extraversion was also seen to negatively impact academic performance those scoring high on extraversion were more likely to achieve lower marks. In another study, Bisping Patron (2008) also found personality type as a significant determinant in academic success. They used the MBTI to study the impact of personality type in an introductory general business course designed to incorporate knowledge from various business disciplines. Caspi, Roberts, and Shiner (2005) argued for a causal relationship between personality traits and academic performance. They postulated that personality traits and academic performance might be causally related if achievement criteria and personality dimensions overlap. In other words, the causal relationship will arise when a certain behaviour indexing a certain personality trait is also a part of successful performance. For instance, exerting effort as a behaviour (relevant to conscientiousness) is likely to be important for securing high grades in school (Rothstein, Paunonen, Rush, King, 1994), thereby indicating the existence of a causal relationship. Given the wide variety of personality measures available and the subsequent difficulty of making generalisations across studies, there is considerable debate regarding which personality traits are associated with superior academic performance. Nevertheless, the majority of research examining the importance of personality in academic performance has used the Big Five Model of Personality (Costa McCrae, 1992). For example, Tok and Morali (2009) examined the predictive ability of the Big Five personality factors on academic success for a total of 295 physical education (PE) teacher candidates. They found that academic success as GPA was positively related to Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness and negatively associated with Neuroticism. In a meta-anlysis by O Connor and Paunonen (2007), conscientiousness (r = .24), extraversion (r = -.05) and openness (r = .06) were identified as the most consistent predictors of academic achievement. In another study, Mervielde (1994) and Mer vielde, Buyst, and De Fruyt (1995) examined teacher ratings of different age groups (from 4-12 years). They found that both Openness and Conscientiousness showed significant association with academic performance. Barbaranelli, Caprara, Rabasca, and Pastorelli (2003) also found these two traits as the most important personality correlates of academic success across different informants (self, teacher, and parent). Each of the five factors Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism have been discussed below with regards to their impact on academic performance. Conscientiousness Conscientiousness is associated with the will to achieve, self-control, determination, purposefulness, and dependability. Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham (2004), and Moutafi, Furnham, Crump (2003) report a negative relationship between IQ and conscientiousness. Nevertheless, it appears that conscientiousness, as a personality construct, most strongly correlates with academic achievement in both undergraduate and graduate settings (Busato, Prins, Elshout, Hamaker, 2000; Noftle Robins, 2007). Noftle and Robins (2007) used multiple personality inventories across four independent samples of more than 10,000 participants. They found conscientiousness to be the strongest predictor of both high school and college GPA. Chamorro-Premuzic, Furnham, and Ackerman (2006) found conscientiousness to be a good predictor of academic success (r = .19 to .31) on multiple measures including exams, continuous assessment (presentations), and written essays over a three year period. Lievens, Coetsier, De Fruyt and De Maeseneer (2002) found conscientiousness to be a significant predictor of academic performance among medical students in each of their three preclinical years. Further, successful students differed from the unsuccessful ones on the subconstructs of dutifulness, achievement orientation, and self-discipline. Conscientiousness is associated with sustained efforts and goal setting activities (Barrick, Mount, Strauss, 1993), both of which are said to contribute to scholastic achievement (Steel, 2007). It is also related to compliance and attention to home assignments (Trautwein, Ludtke, Schnyder, Niggli, 2006), to time management and to regulation of effort in learning activities (Bidjerano Dai, 2007). This attests the relationship of conscientiousness to academic performance, class attendance, and final grades (Conard, 2006). MacCann, Duckworth, Roberts (2009) found that each facet of conscientiousness (e.g., diligence, dependability, self-discipline, prudence, competence, dutifulness, order, and achievement striving) contributed to higher performance in academic settings, attainment of scholastic success, and lower disciplinary infractions. The facets also independently predicted Grade Point Average (Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2003; Furnham et al., 2003; Martin et al., 2006), motivat ion (Komarraju Karau, 2005), effective learning styles (Duff et al., 2004), and academic aspirations (Rottinghaus, Lindley, Green, Borgen, 2002). Finally, Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham (2003, 2006) argue that in competitive settings, conscientiousness may play a compensatory role for lower cognitive ability and consequently promote higher academic achievement. Thus, the conscientious person who works hard, completes tasks, and strives to succeed is more likely to be motivated to perform well. This would help him in achieving higher academic success (Furnham Monsen, 2009). Openness to Experience Openness to Experience is characterised by receptiveness to new ideas, preference for varied sensations, attentiveness to inner feelings, and intellectual curiosity. Evidence supporting the relationship between Openness to Experience and scholastic success is mixed. Some studies report a positive relationship between Openness and academic performance (e.g., DeFruyt Mervielde, 1996; Farsides Woodfield, 2003), effective learning style, and higher academic aspirations (Rottinghaus et al., 2002). However, other studies do not support such a relationship (e.g., Busato et al., 2000; Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2003). Openness has been positively related to final school grades and to strategies involving critical thinking (Bidjerano Dai, 2007; Komarraju Karau, 2005), and motivation to learn (Tempelaar, Gijselaers, Schim Van Der Loeff, Nijhuis, 2007). Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham (2003) found openness to be positively related to intelligence and intellectual curiosity. Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnhams (2008) confirm a positive relationship between the openness and academic achievement. They argue that open individuals are more likely to engage in activities that stimulate the acquisition of knowledge and learning experiences. Caprara et al. (2010) found that openness along with academic self-ef ¬Ã‚ cacy contributed to junior high-school grades, after controlling for socio-economic status (SES). Graziano et al. (1997) assessed the Big Five self-reports of 5th to 8th graders. They found Openness positively related with both, self-reports and teacher ratings of academic adjustment. However, OConnor and Paunonen (2007) reported in a review a very low correlation (r = .06) between openness and academic achievement. They rejected the idea of an overall interaction between the two variables. Neuroticism Neuroticism is the degree to which a person experiences negative emotions that are associated with irrational beliefs (Ellis, 1994), weak impulse control, and difficulty coping with stress. A number of studies report a negative correlation between neuroticism and academic performance (Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2003; Ridgell Lounsbury, 2004), thereby indicating that academic performance tends to be higher in the case of emotionally stable students than neurotic students, who may experience higher levels of anxiety during stressful situations (OConnor Paunonen, 2007). However, results of meta-analyses examining the relationship between neuroticism and academic achievement remain inconclusive (OConnor Paunonen, 2007; Trapmann et al., 2007). Such studies suggest that neuroticism may not be a strong predictor of individual differences in academic achievement in general. Agreeableness Agreeableness may be defined as the disposition of a person toward nurturance, altruism, trust, and a willingness to help others. Studies examining the relationship between agreeableness and academic achievement have produced differing results. Gray and Watson (2002) and Farsides and Woodfield (2003) found agreeableness to be positively associated to GPA (r = .15 and r = .14 respectively). Deary et al. (2003), using the Big Five Inventory found that those who failed to complete the program scored lower on agreeableness. However, in other studies (Conard, 2006; Duff, Boyle, Dunleavy, Ferguson 2004) researchers failed to find such a significant association between the two variables. Thus, agreeableness may not be that important a determinant of academic performance. Extraversion Extraversion is the degree to which individuals are sociable, preferring large groups and gatherings. Extroverts demonstrate a tendency to be cheerful, assertive and active. Although a positive relationship exists between IQ and Extraversion, Extraversion has been found in several studies (Busato, Prins, Elshout, Hamaker, 2000; Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2004; Furnham, Chamorro-Premuzic McDougall, 2003) to be negatively associated with academic success. Early studies, in particular, indicated that introverts performed better than extroverts, suggesting that the former were better at revision and possessed a higher ability to learn (Entwistle Entwistle, 1970). More recently, Sanchez-Marin et al. (2001) found that extraverts failed their programs more frequently than introverts, again suggesting that this was to do with their distractibility, sociability, and impulsiveness. However, Furnham et al. (1998) found that extroverts performed significantly better than introverts on a meas ure of logical reasoning. Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham (2003) state that it is difficult to find a consistent relationship between intelligence and extraversion. Overall, extraversion supports academic achievement in some studies and hinders it in others. It must be noted that several variables like age, educational level, gender and assessment method may moderate the relationship between the two variables. In light of the preceding research, today it is more important than ever to determine the personality factors influencing academic success among college students, given the increasing levels of early withdrawal from college and their declining levels of academic performance (Tok Morali, 2009). While a considerable amount of research has been undertaken to establish the relationship between personality factors and academic achievement, there is a virtual gap in study in this area in India. Thus, the present study extends the earlier literature on personality-academic achievement relationship by studying the linkage between the two variables among B-school students in India. Hypothesis Based on the results of the previous research, I hypothesise that Conscientiousness as a personality variable would have the strongest impact on academic achievement. Method Participants Data was collected from 158 respondents studying in the postgraduate program at XLRI. Convenience sampling technique was used to identify the respondents. The sample size comprised of a mix of participants belonging to the first year and second year HR and Business Management (BM) programs offered by the Institute. Specifically, 81 respondents (51.26%) were studying in the HR program and the remaining 77 participants (48.73%) belonged to the BM batch at XLRI. Out of these, 108 participants (68.35%) were in the second year and the rest 50 (31.64%) were studying in the first year. All the respondents were between the age group of 21-32 years. There were a total of 112 male respondents (70.88%). 46 female respondents (29.11%) comprised the rest of the sample. Measures Personality Measure: The Big Five Inventory (BFI) developed by John Benet-Martinez (1998) was used to measure the five personality dimensions of Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. The participants were asked to respond to 44 items on a 5 point Likert Scale with a score of 1 indicating strongly disagree and a score of 5 indicating strongly agree. Out of the 44 statements, eight items each measure Extraversion and Neuroticism; nine items each measure Agreeableness and Conscientiousness and ten items measure Openness to Experience. Sixteen items in all are reverse scored. John Srivastava (1999) report the reliability coefficient of the BFI to be 0.83. The convergent validity for the instrument ranged from 0.73 to 0.81. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a validity coefficient of 0.92 for the instrument. (See appendix: Big Five Questionnaire) Academic Achievement: The participants Cumulative Quality Points Index (CQPI) at XLRI at the time of the research study was used as a measure of academic achievement. The maximum CQPI that can be obtained by a student is 8.00. The CQPI, as a measure, was coupled with the percentage of marks obtained in the XII standard in school. Information on both these measures was obtained from the participants self-reports. Data Analysis Responses obtained from the participants were first recoded to take into account the negatively worded items. Thereafter, the scores on the five dimensions of the BFI were computed for each participant by summating the responses of the assigned items. In order to explore the relationship between personality factors and academic success, the Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was calculated between the Big Five Dimensions and the two measures of academic achievement, namely XLRI CQPI and XII standard percentage scored. Results The results indicate that Conscientiousness was significantly and positively associated with XII Standard percentage scores (r = 0.124, p No significant correlation was found between other personality factors and the measures of academic achievement. Table I: Correlation Coefficients between the Big Five Dimensions Measures of Academic Achievement Big Five Dimension XII Percentage XLRI CQPI Extraversion 0.095 0.025 Agreeableness -0.051 -0.047 Conscientiousness 0.124* 0.248** Neuroticism 0.077 0.164* Openness to Experience 0.012 0.058 where ** indicates p Discussion The findings of the study revealed that when compared to other personality dimensions, Conscientiousness had the strongest influence on academic success, both at the XII board level and at the post-graduation level. Thus, the hypothesis was accepted. More specifically, conscientiousness was significantly and positively associated with XII Standard percentage scores (r = 0.124, p Neuroticism was also found to be significantly and positively related to CQPI at XLRI (r = 0.164, p Further the high structure academic environment prevalent at XLRI may also facilitate a comparatively better performance for students who are high on neuroticism (as is indicated by positive correlation obtained between the two variables in the present study). It has been argued that neuroticism has a more substantial influence on academic performance under high pressure situations. This may be because the presence of evaluation apprehension may trigger a variety of cognitive and affective reactions among individuals with high levels of anxiety. In fact, under low levels of situational pressure these individuals might experience less anxiety and stress, thereby performing better or at a level similar to individuals with low levels of Neuroticism. The evaluation system at XLRI is such that it emphasizes round the year academic performance rather than evaluation being restricted to a single examination, as is the case with the XII board exams. Further at XLRI, aside from the quizzes an d end term examination (which are individual evaluation components), a major focus is on evaluation of group projects and assignments. These further reduce the stress and anxiety levels for students and make the environment a low press situation. This may explain for the significant positive association observed between Neuroticism and academic performance at XLRI. Finally, no significant correlation was found between the personality factors of Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Agreeableness with the measures of academic achievement. Research evidence regarding the association of these personality dimensions with academic success is mixed and there are numerous studies that report no relationship of academic success with Extraversion (e.g., Hair Hampson, 2006; Furnham, Chamorro-Premuzic, 2004; Phillips et al., 2003, etc), Openness to Experience (e.g., Busato et al., 2000; Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2003) and Agreeableness (e.g., Conard, 2006; Duff, Boyle, Dunleavy, Ferguson, 2004). The results of these studies are in line with the current results. Implications Overall, the results of our study, along with those of previous studies, clearly demonstrate the useful nature of Conscientiousness in predicting the academic success among college students. This information may be beneficial to college admissions committees armed with the mission to reduce the increasing levels of early withdrawal from college and academic failure. However, the problem of accurate measurement of the personality constructs leaves the admission committees wide open to the challenges of self-report scales. These self-rating measures may be highly prone to the effects of impression management, given the high stakes nature of admissions to graduate school. One suggestion is to apply other data collection methods that may approximate the personality constructs sought here. For example, Trapmann and colleagues (2007) suggested that structured interviews may be used to assess the personality trait of Conscientiousness and its associated components. Here also concerns regard ing impression management remain, despite the fact that interviews form a substantial component of selection process for a majority of graduate schools. Another suggestion is to request ratings about the student from knowledgeable informants that could be used to assess particular personality traits (Wolfe Johnson, 1995). However, admissions committees may find locating willing and unbiased informants a huge challenge. Those who provide letters of recommendation could be asked to address particular student characteristics. The idea is to gather as much information as possible about a students non-ability traits to guide admission related decisions. Limitations Directions for Future Research The first limitation of the present study concerns the investigated sample. The participants were students of the postgraduate management program at XLRI. Since, the participants had already been pre-selected by ability and intelligence; it may have resulted in a narrow distribution of the students characteristics. Future studies can focus on samples from multiple backgrounds with a wider distribution in abilities. Another limitation of this study is that it focuses exclusively on grades as a measure of academic performance. Grades represent only one measure of performance that people exhibit in the context of education. In the classroom there are several behaviours that may be more highly related to personality, such as the frequency of asking questions or seeking help (Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, McKeachie, 1993), or even showing up for classes when the attendance is not taken. Investigating the effects of personality on these and other data sources may reveal that personality plays a much larger role in student behaviours, than the sole examination of grades and level of educational attainment would reveal. It is suggested that future research can focus on examining homework and other study-related behaviours discussed above. Because they occur in a relatively unstructured environment, it appears that they would be more likely to capture the influence of non-ability traits rather than just in- class assignments or grades.